张卫国ꢀ 进步运动时期美国市政管理的企业化改革
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The Enterprization Reform of American Municipal
Governments in the Progressive Era
ZHANG Wei⁃guo
Institute of American History, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China)
(
Abstract:In the United States, the municipal reform played an important role in numerous reforms
appeared during the Progressive Movement. Along with the expulsion of “city bosses”, the municipal in⁃
stitutional innovation moved on. Three new kinds of government plans, i.e., the strong mayor council
plan, the commission plan and the city manager plan were created and gradually established. The reform
borrowed ideas from the excellent management model of big enterprises and emulated the modern enter⁃
prise system in the institutional design. The reform deeply embodied the thought of enterprization manage⁃
ment, which corresponds to the pursuit of economy and efficiency. It had a significant and far⁃reaching
impact on the American cities from then on.
Key words:the Progressive Movement; municipal administration; enterprization reform; city man⁃
ager plan
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