张兰星ꢀ 17-18 世纪荷兰人从日本运出小判分析
可参见:张兰星《切支丹时代欧洲人从日本运出白银分析》,《世界历史》2011 年第2 期,第82 页。
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“新例”规定,日兰贸易总额不得超过3,000 贯白银,荷兰船从日本运走的铜不得超过150 万斤,抵日荷兰船不超过两艘。 参
见:『通航一覽』第四卷,国書刊行会1913 年版,306 頁。
荷兰人运入日本的货物包括本方货与脇荷货,本方货指荷兰东印度公司运来的商品,脇荷货指商馆员工用于个人交易的商
品。 脇荷贸易是日兰官方都承认的私人交易,不同于走私贸易。 参见:Nagazumi Yoko. Personal Trade at the Dutch Factory in
Japan: The Trade Society Organized by Chief Factor Meijlan (1826-1830). Nihon Rekishi, No. 379, 1979, p. 3.
1672 年,幕府废除“相对商卖法”后,实行“市法货物交易法”,也称“市法货物买卖制度”、“市法商卖”、“城市货物交易法”、
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贸易港口货物交易法”,简称“市法”。 1685 年,市法被废,幕府出台新的“固定贸易额制度”,日语称“御定高制度”,简称
定额制度”。 该政策颁布于贞享二年,又称“贞享令”。
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明末清初,中国遭遇银荒,遂从外国购入大量金银,造成国内通胀。 此问题较为复杂,本文不做深入探讨。
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Koban Trade between Japan and Duth in 17-18th Century
ZHANG Lan⁃xing
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