张艳莉ꢃ王肖竹ꢃ国际中文教师语言测评素养:基于语言测评知识、实践和反思的调查
份”六个部分①。该模型反映了测评素养积累、实践、反思的动态过程,并强调测评知识基础并不能直接成为
测评素养,需要通过教师理解、实践、进一步学习和反思才能完成知识到素养的转化,且教师的测评实践通常
是在多种因素的影响和权衡下实现的。Pastore&Andrade通过专家咨询法归纳了包含“概念知识”、“行
动”和“社会情感”三个维度的测评素养模型②。潘鸣威通过专家访谈更新的语言测评素养模型也将教师情
感和态度作为一个外延③。综合以上框架内容可以看出,教师需要一定的语言测评知识基础,其内容来源于
语言测试学科范围,并与社会文化、教育政策与教学环境相协调,从而在实践中具备相应的技能和素质④。
(二)教师语言测评素养研究现状
已有的教师语言测评素养研究内容和方法主要集中于以下五个方面:(1)调查工具的开发和验证,形式
有基于内容的选择题项⑤、自评量表⑥、判断题项⑦、选择题+自评量表⑧等;(2)量化评估教师测评素养的不
足和培训需求⑨,涉及群体包括国内中小学教师、欧洲外语教师、高校英语教师等,并探讨了影响测评素养水
平及发展的关键因素,如测评培训、教学经验、环境因素等ꢋꢍꢌ;(3)教师与专家对语言测评素养理解的差异,认
为语言测评素养培训中应考虑到教师的理解特点和实践需求ꢋꢎꢌ;(4)教师的语言测评实践,通过分析测评活
动设计ꢋꢌꢏ、命题质量ꢋꢌꢐ、课堂观察ꢋꢑꢌ、访谈ꢋꢌꢒ等内容总结出教师在实践中体现出的语言测评素养;(5)教师观
①
YuetingXuꢀGavinTLBrownꢀꢆTeacherAssessmentLiteracyinPracticeꢅAReconceptualizationꢀꢇTeachingandTeacherEducation58ꢀ
August2016ꢂꢅ149-162
ꢁ
②
SerafinaPastoreꢀHeidiL AndradeꢀꢆTeacherAssessmentLiteracyꢅAThree-dimensionalModelꢀꢇTeachingandTeacherEducation84ꢀ
ꢁ
August2019ꢂꢅ128-138
③
④
⑤
潘鸣威《外语教师语言测评素养再探———基于对语言测试专家的访谈》,《中国考试》2020年第7期,第34ꢓ41页。
OfraInbar-LourieꢀꢆConstructingaLanguageAssessmentKnowledgeBaseꢅAFocusonLanguageAssessmentCoursesꢀꢇ385-402
BarbaraSPlakeꢀJamesCImparaꢀJenniferJFagerꢀꢆAssessmentCompetenciesofTeachersꢅANationalSurveyꢀꢇEducationalMeas-
urementIssuesandPractice12ꢀno4ꢁDecember1993ꢂꢅ10-12
⑥
肖阳田《中学英语教师测评素养自评量表开发与验证》,上海外国语大学2020年博士学位论文;FatemeNikmardꢀZohreMohamadiZe-
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ElçinÖlmezer-ÖztürkꢀBelginAydinꢀꢆTowardMeasuringLanguageTeachersꢈAssessmentKnowledgeꢅDevelopmentandValidationofLan-
guageAssessmentKnowledgeScaleꢁLAKSꢂꢀꢇLanguageTestinginAsia8ꢀno20ꢁ2018ꢂ
⑧
ChristopherDeLucaꢀAdelinaValiquetteꢀAndrewCoombsꢀDanielleLaPointe-McEwanꢀUlemuLuhangaꢀꢆTeachersꢈApproachestoClass-
roomAssessmentꢅALarge-scaleSurveyꢀꢇAssessmentinEducationPrinciplesꢀPolicy&Practice25ꢀno4ꢁ2018ꢂꢅ355-375
⑨
郑东辉《中小学教师评价素养状况:来自Z省的报告》,《全球教育展望》2010年第2期,第31-36、42页;KarinVogtꢀDinaTsagariꢀꢆAssess-
mentLiteracyofForeignLanguageTeachersꢅFindingsofaEuropeanStudyꢀꢇ374-402ꢉ江进林《高校英语教师测评素养现状及其影响因素研
究》,《外语界》2019年第6期,第18ꢓ26页。
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no3ꢁJuly2013ꢂꢅ345-362ꢉMargaretE MaloneꢀꢆTheEssentialsofAssessmentLiteracyꢅContrastsbetweenTestersandUsersꢀꢇLan-
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